Budaya Makan Masyarakat Pesisir Yang Beresiko Terjadi Hipertensi Pada Lansia Dini Di Kabupaten Konawe

Abstract

Abstrak. Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskuler, stroke, gagal ginjal dan kebutaan dan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Konsumsi makanan laut yang tinggi serta hiperkolesterolemia berperan dalam kecenderungan hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi budaya makan masyarakat pesisir yang beresiko terjadi hipertensi pada lansia dini. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan adalah lansia dini yang mengalami hipertensi dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 5 orang diambil dengan teknik purposive Sampling. Pemilihan partisipan didasarkan pada budaya mereka tentang fenomena yang sedang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan 2 tema yakni budaya makan dan kebiasaan makan. Pada budaya makan diketahui bahwa partisipan gemar mengonsumsi meti-meti (sebutan khas suku bajo yang mencakup kerang-kerang, ballor, tetehe, bulu babi, babadoh) yang tinggi kandungan kolesterol, dan cara konsumsi dengan makan mentah atau dijemur dengan menggunakan garam sebagai pengawet dimana dapat meingkatkan resiko hipertensi. Pada kebiasaan makan, partisipan tetap mengkonsumsi meti-meti, bulu babi, gurita, cumi walau sudah menderita hipertensi dan partisipan akan minum rebusan air daun sirsak atau daun belimbing, bawang putih dan mentimun untuk menurunkan tekanan darah mereka. Kesimpulan bahwa partisipan gemar mengkonsumsi makanan yang berisiko meningkatkan hipertensi dan tidak merubah kebiasaan makan yang menimbulkan hipertensi.

Absctract. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness and a leading cause of death worldwide. High seafood consumption and hypercholesterolemia play a role in the tendency to hypertension. This study aims to explore the eating culture of coastal communities who are at risk of developing hypertension in the early elderly. The research was conducted qualitatively with a phenomenological approach. Participants were young elderly with hypertension with a total of 5 participants taken by a purposive sampling technique. The selection of participants is based on their culture of the phenomenon being studied. The results of this study resulted in 2 themes, namely eating culture and eating habits. In the eating culture, it is known that the participants like to consume meti-meti (a typical term for the Bajo tribe which includes shellfish, ballor, tetehe, sea urchin, babadoh) which is high in cholesterol, and how to consume it by eating raw or drying it in the sun using salt as a preservative. can increase the risk of hypertension. In eating habits, participants continue to consume meti-meti, sea urchins, octopus, squid even though they are already suffering from hypertension and participants will drink boiled water from soursop leaves or star fruit, garlic and cucumber to lower their blood pressure. The conclusion is that the participants like to consume foods that have the risk of increasing hypertension and do not change their eating habits that cause hypertension.